“Future studies should be focused on the relationship between the auditory performances induced by each factor and the changes in neural plasticity after cochlear implantation.” These effects come from changes in cortical plasticity after use of the hearing aid for some period of time. Auditory acclimatisation refers to a systematic improvement in auditory performance over time that is linked to a change in the acoustic information available to the listener but is not caused by task or training effects. Late-onset auditory deprivation represents a significant auditory deprivation in speech recognition performance of the unaided ear during monaural hearing aid use of people with bilateral, symmetrical sensorienural hearing loss. The perceptual recovery provided by hearing aids may also induce neural changes in the auditory cortex in terms of the studies of late-onset auditory deprivation and hearing aid acclimatisation. Therefore, future studies should be focused on the relationship between the auditory performances induced by each factor and the changes in neural plasticity after cochlear implantation. Generally, the best performance provided by cochlear implantation for the CI users with postlingual hearing loss was observed during the first year after cochlear implantation.Īlthough recent studies have established a direct correlation between a level of brain activity and the auditory performance after cochlear implantation, the success of cochlear implantation can be affected by multiple variables such as severity, duration and the age of onset of the hearing loss. While the CI users with postlingual hearing loss showed greater activation in the left superior temporal gyrus, the CI users with prelingual hearing loss displayed undifferentiated activity which indicates insufficient development of neuronal networks due to their prolonged deafness. A significant difference between CI users with postlingual hearing loss and CI users with prelingual hearing loss was observed. The neural activity of these areas was significantly stronger when CI users listened to running speech than when they listened to multi-talker babble. The recovery of hearing after cochlear implantation (CI) was mainly found in the bilateral middle and superior temporal gyri, corresponding to Brodmann areas 21 and 22.
In cochlear implantation, neural plasticity is associated with deprivation of auditory input, adaptation to the absence of stimuli, and neural reafferentation provided by cochlear implants. “In cochlear implantation, neural plasticity is associated with deprivation of auditory input, adaptation to the absence of stimuli, and neural reafferentation provided by cochlear implants.” How aural rehabilitation can cause neural plasticity will be reviewed in terms of cochlear implantation and hearing amplification, and pharmacological intervention.
Finally, aural rehabilitation can lead to functional changes in the auditory system. Second, aural rehabilitation may result in secondary plasticity due to the altered input to the auditory system. First, reduced auditory input from cochlear pathology may cause functional changes of the auditory system. Neural plasticity is associated with aural rehabilitation of adults with sensorineural hearing loss in three ways. Recently, noninvasive auditory evoked potentials and brain imaging techniques such as magnetoencephalography (MEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) have made the study of neural plasticity in humans possible. A better understanding of the mechanisms of neural plasticity and its relationship with aural rehabilitation may contribute significantly to improvement in audiological management of damaged or lost auditory function. Neural plasticity is directly or indirectly related to aural rehabilitation. Neural plasticity refers to an ability of the brain and central nervous system to change their structure and function or their reorganisation in response to environmental cues, experience, learning, behaviour, injury and / or diseases and treatments.
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